Sustainable polymer composites: immiscible blends prepared by extrusion of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and polyamide6,10 with high bio-based content

Components for binary polymer blends were sought to produce an immiscible blend of improved renewable character and with good structural properties. The poly(trimethylene terephthalate) and polyamide6,10 system was selected based on the molecular structure of the molecules and the bio-based origin of the feedstocks. A preliminary study of three compositions in this system demonstrated the similar thermal properties of the two polymers as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the ability of these polymers to be processed together in conventional extrusion equipment to produce blends with micrometer-scale domains. Dispersed phases were observed by electron microscopy near the end members. Available viscosity data and the appearance of columnar blends at the 50/50 composition suggest the possibility of co-continuous blends in close proximity to this composition.     

覆膜滤料过滤性能分析

覆膜滤料以其高效低阻、透气性好等特点备受关注。选取4种典型的覆膜滤料,通过静态和动态过滤实验分析其阻力和效率特性,进而对覆膜滤料的过滤性能进行综合分析。结果表明:在清洁阶段,4种覆膜滤料的喷吹周期和残余阻力差异较大,粉尘剥离率平均值为83.2174%,最大偏差为2.32%;在稳定阶段,4种覆膜滤料的清灰周期、残余阻力差异减小且趋于稳定,残余阻力增长率接近且偏差均在5%以内,剥离率平均值为95.4485%,最大偏差仅0.55%。可以看出,稳定阶段覆膜滤料的种类对于阻力增长率和粉尘剥离率影响不大。通过细颗粒物过滤实验可知,评价覆膜滤料对PM2.5的过滤效果需要综合考察滤料清洁阶段和稳定阶段,可为覆膜滤料应用和评价提供指导。     

精神支持与物质支持对建筑工人不安全行为影响对比*

为向建筑工人提供更具针对性的支持,对比分析精神支持和物质支持的影响效果,分别构建精神支持和物质支持对建筑工人不安全行为的影响机理,基于351名建筑工人调查数据,采用结构方程模型展开实证研究。研究结果表明:精神支持和物质支持对建筑工人安全意识的提高和工作压力的降低都具有显著影响;相较于物质支持,精神支持影响效果更好,更能够降低工作压力、提高安全意识、减少不安全行为;工作压力的减少和安全意识的提高能够显著降低建筑工人不安全行为的发生。研究结果可为建筑工人不安全行为防范提供更有效的支持和帮助,减少安全事故的发生。     

环境磁学在重金属污染研究中的应用

20世纪60年代以来,环境磁学以快速、灵敏、经济、无破坏性和信息量大等特点被广泛应用到环境污染研究中。笔者介绍了环境磁学应用于重金属污染监测的基本原理和优势,系统综述了其在大气,水体(湖泊、河流和海岸等)和土壤等环境重金属污染监测中的主要成果和最新进展,包括磁学参数可作为重金属污染物质代用指标,以及环境磁学在重金属污染分布特点和污染程度鉴定、重金属污染历史重建、重金属污染物运移追踪等方面的应用。提出了重金属污染磁性诊断研究还需要解决的问题,包括磁学参数多解性,其他环境过程(动力分选、吸附解吸和早期成岩等)的干扰和影响,磁性矿物与重金属物质赋存关系及多学科交叉研究等。     

膨胀石墨在环境污染治理中的应用

膨胀石墨是一种新型的多孔碳质吸附材料.它具有发达的孔结构,对于大分子的物质具有超大的吸附能力.膨胀石墨作为新型纳米功能材料,广泛应用于石油、化工、冶金、机械和环保等领域.在概述膨胀石墨的吸附性能和机理的基础上,介绍了其在海洋溢油污染、水中微量油污染、印染废水和有毒气体治理等方面的应用,并对膨胀石墨的最新合成方法和应用发展趋势进行了展望和预测.     

The effects of flooding upon buildings in developing countries

The genera] effects of flooding on buildings and structural materials in developing countries are comprehensively reviewed. The aim of the paper is to stimulate further field based research as to how and what type of building improvements can be introduced, given the prevailing economic and cultural constraints of many communities, and to examine the appropriateness of floodproofing measures in developing countries where there are often few floodplain management or large scale flood prevention schemes. Proposals are suggested as to the method and type of information which is required for detailed studies prior to developing new and more effective building designs.     

消除CS_2的滤料筛选

采用动态和静态两种配气方法 ,观察了 1 0余种滤料对CS2 的消除效果 ,结果表明 ,动态条件下滤料对CS2 的消除效果好于静态条件。不同滤料对CS2 的消除效果亦不相同 ,其中 6号碳纤维、 1号铜纤维、活性碳纤维及AF材料对CS2 的消除效果较好。由于活性碳纤维经济易得 ,适用于空气净化。     

Acoustic Observations of Bottom Surge From Dredged Material Discharge in the Open Ocean

Bottom surges generated from dredged material discharges in the open ocean have been observed using high frequency acoustic concentration profilers in several field studies during the past five years. the locations, water depths, bottom slopes, oceanographic conditions, and dredged material composition differed from study to study. Observed surges at three dredged material disposal sites may develop more than one surge peak for a single discharge. for water depths of the order of 10 m, surge height of the leading peak was estimated to be about one quarter of the water depth. for water of greater depth, of the order of 100 m, surge height reached 70 m, about 70% of the water depth. Surge height is established instantaneously when dredged material hits the bottom, and remains relatively constant as the surge advances horizontally. Total surge length reached 150 m for water depths of 10 m when measured from the impact point to the leading edge. for water depths of more than 100 m, the surge length reached more than 100 m. Length of the leading surge peak was as large as 45 m at this water depth.

Dimensional analysis was applied to relate the surge height of the leading surge peak to discharge parameters and oceanographic conditions. Results showed that the ratio of surge height to water depth was proportional to 1/10 power of the ratio of discharge volume to the third power of water depth.     

不同母质发育土壤团聚体分布对外源输入秸秆的响应及其与有机碳矿化的关系

土壤团聚体的形成和稳定对于有机碳的转化和积累具有重要意义,然而不同母质发育土壤团聚体对有机碳的物理保护作用及其与有机碳矿化之间的关系仍不清楚.本文以石灰岩、第四纪红土、花岗岩、玄武岩和红砂岩母质发育的典型土壤为对象,研究添加玉米秸秆7 d和184 d时土壤团聚体和各组分有机碳的变化规律,分析不同母质土壤有机碳矿化的主要影响因素.结果表明,不添加秸秆时,所有母质土壤以1.0～0.5、 0.5～0.25和0.25 mm粒级团聚体为主,添加玉米秸秆有效促进了2 mm和2～1 mm粒级团聚体的形成.石灰岩、第四纪红土和玄武岩土壤形成水稳性大团聚体并且保持其稳定的能力高于花岗岩和红砂岩土壤.添加玉米秸秆培养184 d,石灰岩、第四纪红土和玄武岩土壤有机碳的累积矿化率显著(P0.05)低于花岗岩和红砂岩土壤.相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳的累积矿化率与游离态有机碳的比例极显著(P0.01)正相关,而与0.25 mm团聚体有机碳的比例极显著(P0.01)负相关.利用~(13)C核磁共振(~(13)C-NMR)技术对土壤有机碳进行结构表征,结果显示团聚体内轻组有机碳的分解程度低于游离态轻组有机碳,且石灰岩、第四纪红土和玄武岩土壤这两个组分有机碳的分解程度都低于其他母质土壤,直接证实了团聚体对于有机碳的物理保护作用.成土母质通过控制土壤胶体的数量和性质致使团聚体及有机碳分布对输入外源有机物质的响应存在较大差异,进而影响有机碳的矿化.石灰岩、第四纪红土和玄武岩土壤中团聚体稳定性高且对有机碳的保护容量大,有利于有机碳的积累和稳定.